The “Global South”: Rising Significance and China’s Role

The United Nations General Assembly is in session, and a dominant theme emerging is the “Global South.” This term and its associated politics have witnessed heightened prominence. Evidence of this is the series of events this year, from India hosting the online “Voice of Global South Summit” to the Munich Security Conference, where “Global South” made a notable appearance 55 times in its report. The G7 summit in Hiroshima also focused on fostering relationships with the “Global South”. Additionally, Western nations and Russia are keenly courting support from “Global South” nations regarding the Ukraine crisis. It’s clear that the strategic importance and the concept’s popularity are on the rise.

This increased attention to the “Global South” can be connected to two major events. First is India’s “Voice of Global South Summitf”, which saw participation from 120 countries. Notably, China was absent from the invitees. The second significant event was the G7 summit in Hiroshima. One of its primary agendas was to fortify ties with the Global South, inviting several developing nations. Again, China was left out.

However, the idea of the “Global South” remains nebulous. Furthermore, the notion of a “Global South” without China’s inclusion is highly debatable.

What Exactly is the “Global South”?

There isn’t a unanimous standard to define the “Global South”. While some view it as a synonym for developing or less-developed nations, others perceive it as a politically charged term that has come to replace “Third World” post the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

The various interpretations lead to its flexible use, often driven by individual or group agendas. Some believe it signifies the varied effects of globalization on developing nations. Others argue it represents the determination of southern countries to counteract the dominance of the northern nations. This open-endedness often results in academic ambiguity and divergent opinions.

Exclusionary Politics: The Case of China

A significant point of contention is the deliberate emphasis on the “Global South” by major powers, especially the G7 led by the US, as an attempt to distance China from the group of developing nations. The US has, in the past, under Donald Trump’s leadership, been vocal about its view that “China is not a developing country.”

On July 26, 2019, the US, in its “Memorandum on Reforming Developing-Country Status in the World Trade Organization“, announced its non-recognition of China’s claim to be a developing nation. This move can be seen in two lights: an effort to elevate India’s international status, using its rotating chair position in the G20 as leverage, and an attempt to create a rift between China and India, thereby sidelining China from the “Global South” narrative.

Yet, such tactics are flawed. The standing of a nation on the global stage isn’t decreed by a select few but is a collective acknowledgment by the world community. The US and Western countries may have their strategies, but they may be overlooking essential facts. The United Nations Development Programme, in its 2004 report, categorically included China under “Global South” countries.

While China’s economy is burgeoning and its global influence is ascending, its core status as a developing nation hasn’t altered. President Xi Jinping, in his address at the High-level Dialogue on Global Development in 2022, affirmed China’s identity as a core member of the developing countries’ fraternity.

China’s Relationship with the “Global South”

Western attempts to isolate China from the “Global South” narrative are facing headwinds. China’s deep-rooted associations, collaborations, and contributions to the development of southern countries are undeniable. China’s historical and ongoing commitment to South-South cooperation stands as a testament to its dedication to the welfare and growth of developing nations.

In conclusion, as the concept of the “Global South” gains traction, it’s imperative to approach it with clarity, ensuring it isn’t co-opted for political maneuvering. It’s equally crucial to recognize the roles and contributions of all nations, including China, to genuinely understand and appreciate the dynamics of the Global South.

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