Greenland, known for its stunning frozen landscapes and unique natural beauty, is looking to boost tourism despite the challenges posed by its remote location and fragile environment. While the island’s untouched wilderness is a major draw, climate change is reshaping the Arctic, melting sea ice, glaciers, and permafrost, according to Michael Hall, a tourism expert from the University of Canterbury. Residents are witnessing firsthand the dramatic changes, with sea ice no longer stable enough for traditional activities since 2018.
Despite environmental concerns, tourism is increasing, driven by what experts call “last-chance tourism,” where travelers rush to see endangered landscapes before they disappear. Emmanuel Salim from the University of Toulouse notes that while such tourism can raise environmental awareness, it also adds to the carbon footprint, creating a delicate balance between conservation and economic growth.
Greenland’s authorities are aiming for a cautious development of the tourism sector to provide local job opportunities while preserving the environment. The opening of a new runway at Nuuk airport on November 28 marks a major step towards making Greenland more accessible, eliminating the need for travelers to transit through Iceland or Kangerlussuaq. Another runway in Ilulissat is planned for 2026, expected to further boost visitor numbers.
However, infrastructure remains a concern. With Nuuk housing about one-third of Greenland’s 57,000 residents, the city will need more hotel rooms and restaurants to accommodate rising tourist demand. Mayor Gideon Lyberth of Maniitsoq, a town 150km north of Nuuk, is hopeful the influx of visitors will help revitalize the local economy, which has seen a decline as residents move to larger towns.
The tourism sector contributed nearly 1.9 billion Danish kroner (US$274 million) in 2023, accounting for about 10% of Greenland’s GDP. Yet, locals have mixed feelings about the growing presence of large, polluting cruise ships. Many prefer tourists who stay longer and engage more deeply with the local culture.
Tourism experts emphasize the importance of integrating tourism into long-term development plans. Hall notes that improving infrastructure must be done with a focus on sustainability and resilience to environmental changes.
As Arctic landscapes transform due to climate change, Greenlanders are aware of the need to manage tourism growth carefully. Residents like Paaliit Molgaard Rasmussen of Nuuk believe that the island is not yet ready for mass tourism, citing limited healthcare facilities and poorly maintained trails.
Ultimately, Greenland aims to attract adventure-seekers and nature enthusiasts while ensuring that tourism supports the local economy and adapts to the realities of a warming Arctic.
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