An estimated 61.8 million people globally were on the autism spectrum in 2021, according to research emphasizing the importance of early detection and lifelong support for individuals with this developmental condition. Autism affects approximately 1 in 127 people worldwide, a significant increase from earlier estimates of 1 in 271 in 2019, which likely underestimated the condition.
Autism is characterized by challenges in social communication, sensory processing, repetitive behaviors, and, in some cases, intellectual disability. With varying severity, autistic individuals often face heightened risks of social isolation, academic difficulties, and workplace challenges, requiring psychosocial support well into adulthood. Researchers have ranked autism among the top 10 non-fatal health challenges for youth, underscoring the benefits of early intervention and continued support.
The study, based on data from 34 countries, found autism to be more common in males, with a global age-standardized sex ratio of 2.1 to 1. This marks a shift from earlier studies estimating a ratio of over 4 to 1, reflecting improved recognition of autism in females. Experts noted that biases in earlier diagnostic practices often left females undiagnosed, preventing access to necessary support.
Global prevalence varied significantly, ranging from 1 in 163 people in tropical Latin America to 1 in 65 in high-income Asia-Pacific countries. Japan reported the highest prevalence, while lower rates were observed in Bangladesh and Brazil. These differences stem from factors such as cultural norms, diagnostic tools, survey participation, and regional awareness.
Contrary to concerns about rising autism incidence, researchers found the prevalence of autistic traits to be stable over time, attributing increased diagnoses to heightened awareness and improved screening rather than an actual increase in cases. They emphasized the need to address long wait times for assessments, which often range from 6 to 24 months.
Signs of autism may appear in infancy, particularly in children with developmental delays, but subtler presentations may only become apparent during school years or adolescence. Delays in diagnosis and support are more common among older children and girls due to less overt symptoms, researchers explained. Addressing these gaps requires prioritizing support for autistic individuals of all ages and tailoring interventions to meet their needs throughout life.
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