Shingles, or herpes zoster, is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus responsible for chickenpox. In Cantonese, shingles is referred to as “sang se,” or “growing snakes,” describing the creeping rash it causes. The name “shingles” comes from the Latin word cingulum, meaning belt, as the rash often appears as a stripe around one side of the body.
After recovering from chickenpox, the virus lies dormant in the body and can reactivate later, typically in adults over 50. Factors like stress and a weakened immune system increase the risk. In Hong Kong, nearly 97% of adults aged 40 and older carry VZV antibodies, making them susceptible to shingles. Annually, three to five people per 1,000 are affected in Hong Kong, while in the US, one in three people will develop shingles in their lifetime.
Shingles often begins with localized pain, which some mistake for organ pain, followed by a rash that turns into painful blisters. Symptoms may also include flu-like feelings without fever. The pain, described as burning or electrifying, can become intense, particularly at night. While the rash usually heals in about a week, lingering nerve pain, called postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), can persist for months, especially in older adults. Shingles near the eyes may lead to vision loss, and rare complications like meningitis or encephalitis can occur.
Vaccination is the best defense. The Shingrix vaccine is 97% effective for people aged 50-69 and around 90% effective for those 70 and older. Recommended for everyone over 50, it involves two doses spaced two to six months apart. Even individuals who’ve had shingles, chickenpox, or an older vaccine can benefit. Side effects are generally mild.
Treatment focuses on symptom management, as shingles has no cure. Antiviral medications like acyclovir and pain relief treatments such as gabapentin or lidocaine cream are commonly prescribed. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers complementary therapies like acupuncture, cupping, and herbal remedies to reduce pain and inflammation.
Shingles is more than just an annoying rash—it can lead to serious complications, including increased risks of stroke and dementia. Vaccination, combined with awareness, can help prevent severe outcomes and protect long-term health.
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