As Hong Kong experiences record-high temperatures, the dangers of heat-related illnesses are a major concern for both humans and pets. Heatstroke is the most common condition, with symptoms in people including headache, confusion, nausea, dizziness, fainting, and loss of consciousness. Without prompt treatment, it can be fatal.
Dogs are also at risk of heatstroke. Unlike humans, dogs don’t sweat through their skin; they release heat by panting and through their foot pads and nose. Heatstroke in dogs is life-threatening, with symptoms such as weakness, seizures, coma, and brain damage. According to Dr. Lloyd Kenda of Hong Kong’s Valley Veterinary Centre, it is also a painful way for a dog to die.
Older and obese dogs are particularly vulnerable, as well as brachycephalic breeds like pugs, bulldogs, boxers, and Pekinese. Even brief exposure to heat can be dangerous. “It does not take long for a walk in the summer to turn to disaster,” says Kenda. “I’ve seen dogs die from heatstroke after only walking for less than an hour.” He also warns against leaving pets in cars, on balconies, or any exposed place during the hot months.
The Humane Society of the United States reports that at 22.2 degrees Celsius (72 degrees Fahrenheit), the temperature inside a car can reach 46.7 degrees Celsius within an hour. At 26.7 degrees Celsius outside, it can heat up to 37.2 degrees Celsius in just 10 minutes.
To prevent heatstroke, avoid exposing your pets to extreme heat and always provide them with plenty of water. Kenda advises to be vigilant and to help any animal in distress. In Hong Kong, you can call the SPCA’s 24-hour rescue hotline at 2711 1000, the police at 999, or the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department at 1823.
Dogs lose heat mainly through conduction and evaporation, with panting being the most effective method. Panting allows moisture to evaporate from the tongue, cooling the blood. However, this process also causes moisture loss, which needs to be replenished by drinking water to prevent dehydration.
“Generally, evaporative cooling by panting is a good technique to lose heat. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of evaporative heat loss diminishes when the ambient humidity is 70 or more, which is almost every day in Hong Kong during the summer. So beware,” Kenda notes. Conduction is less efficient, especially in dogs with thick hair coats.
By taking these precautions, you can help ensure your dog remains safe and healthy during the hot summer months.
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