International bodies and the European Union have voiced deep alarm regarding the escalating violence and human rights violations during recent protests in Iran. The demonstrations, fueled by economic hardship, have reportedly led to significant casualties and arrests, prompting calls for accountability and respect for fundamental freedoms.
UN Human Rights Chief’s Concerns
Volker Türk, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, has expressed being “deeply disturbed” by the violence that has accompanied nearly two weeks of demonstrations. He stressed the importance of holding those responsible for any violations accountable in accordance with international human rights standards. The protests, which began in late December 2025 in Tehran and spread nationwide, were reportedly triggered by the country’s cost-of-living crisis. Rights groups have indicated that nearly 50 people have been killed and hundreds arrested.
Mr. Türk emphasized that addressing the underlying grievances through “inclusive and meaningful dialogue” is essential to prevent further escalation. He also highlighted that nationwide internet and communication shutdowns undermine freedom of expression and access to information, adversely impacting the work of those documenting human rights violations and access to essential services.
EU’s Solidarity and Condemnation
The European Union, through its High Representative, has expressed solidarity with the Iranian people in their “legitimate aspiration for a better life, freedom and dignity.” The EU is closely monitoring the situation with great concern, condemning the use of violence, arbitrary detention, and intimidation tactics employed by security forces against demonstrators.
The EU has called for the immediate release of all individuals unjustly detained for exercising their fundamental rights. Furthermore, they urge Iranian authorities to adhere to their international obligations and fully uphold the rights to freedom of expression, association, and peaceful assembly. Ensuring the right to access information, including by restoring internet access for all, was also a key demand.
International Human Rights Framework
International law, as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, recognizes the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. General Comment No. 37, published by the UN Human Rights Committee in 2020, provides a more detailed interpretation of these rights. Both Mr. Türk and UN Spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric reiterated that peaceful demonstration is a fundamental human right.